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he sent (us) word that he would be delayed

  • 1 send

    send [send] (pt & pp sent [sent])
    (a) (dispatch → gen) envoyer; (→ by post) envoyer, expédier;
    ∎ to send sb a letter, to send a letter to sb envoyer une lettre à qn;
    ∎ he sent (us) word that he would be delayed il (nous) a fait savoir qu'il aurait du retard;
    ∎ he sent word to say he would be late il a fait dire ou savoir qu'il serait en retard;
    ∎ she sends her love or regards elle vous envoie ses amitiés;
    ∎ send them our love embrassez-les pour nous;
    ∎ send them our best wishes faites-leur nos amitiés;
    ∎ I sent my luggage by train j'ai fait expédier ou envoyer mes bagages par le train;
    ∎ to send clothes to the laundry donner du linge à blanchir;
    ∎ images sent by satellite images transmises par satellite;
    ∎ to send a message over the radio envoyer un message radio;
    ∎ it's like manna sent from heaven c'est une véritable aubaine;
    ∎ what will the future send us? que nous réserve l'avenir?;
    ∎ we sent help to the refugees nous avons envoyé des secours aux réfugiés;
    ∎ they sent a car to fetch us ils ont envoyé une voiture nous chercher
    (b) (cause to go → person) envoyer;
    ∎ the government sent an ambassador to Mexico le gouvernement envoya un ambassadeur au Mexique;
    ∎ I was sent to bed/to my room on m'a envoyé me coucher/dans ma chambre;
    ∎ to send sb home (from school) renvoyer qn chez lui; (from abroad) rapatrier qn; Industry (lay off) mettre qn en chômage technique;
    ∎ to send sb to prison envoyer qn en prison;
    ∎ to send sb to school envoyer qn à l'école;
    ∎ send the children indoors faites rentrer les enfants;
    ∎ send him to me envoyez-le moi;
    ∎ send him to my office dites-lui de venir dans mon bureau, envoyez-le moi;
    ∎ she sent her daughter for the meat or to get the meat elle a envoyé sa fille chercher la viande;
    ∎ she sent her brother on an errand/with a message elle a envoyé son frère faire une course/porter un message;
    ∎ the children were sent to say goodnight on envoya les enfants dire bonsoir;
    ∎ the dogs were sent after him on lança les chiens à sa poursuite ou à ses trousses;
    ∎ heavy smoking sent him to an early grave il est mort prématurément parce qu'il fumait trop;
    ∎ familiar to send sb packing or about his business envoyer promener qn, envoyer qn sur les roses;
    ∎ figurative don't send a boy to do a man's job il faut que la personne soit à la mesure de la tâche
    (c) (propel, cause to move) envoyer;
    ∎ he sent the ball over the heads of the spectators il envoya le ballon par-dessus la tête des spectateurs;
    ∎ the collision sent showers of sparks/clouds of smoke into the sky la collision fit jaillir une gerbe d'étincelles/provoqua des nuages de fumée;
    ∎ it sends a current down the wire il fait passer un courant dans le fil;
    ∎ the sound sent shivers down my spine le bruit m'a fait froid dans le dos;
    ∎ I sent the cup flying j'ai envoyé voler la tasse;
    ∎ the blow sent me flying le coup m'a envoyé rouler par terre;
    ∎ a gust of wind sent the papers flying across the table un coup de vent balaya les papiers qui se trouvaient sur la table;
    ∎ a sudden storm sent us all running for shelter un orage soudain nous força à courir nous mettre à l'abri;
    ∎ the boy sent the marbles rolling across the floor le garçon envoya les billes rouler par terre;
    ∎ to send profits tumbling faire chuter les bénéfices;
    ∎ to send prices sky-high faire flamber les prix;
    ∎ the news sent a murmur of excitement through the hall la nouvelle provoqua un murmure d'agitation dans la salle
    ∎ the noise is sending me mad or out of my mind le bruit me rend fou;
    ∎ that sent him into fits of laughter cela l'a fait éclater de rire;
    ∎ the news sent them into a panic les nouvelles les ont fait paniquer;
    ∎ to send sb into a rage enrager qn;
    ∎ to send sb to sleep endormir qn
    ∎ his voice really sends me sa voix me fait vraiment craquer
    ∎ he sent to say he couldn't come il nous a fait savoir qu'il ne pouvait pas venir
    (b) (for information, equipment)
    ∎ we sent to Paris for a copy nous avons demandé une copie à Paris
    envoyer;
    ∎ send him along! envoyez-le-moi
    (a) (letter, parcel) expédier, mettre à la poste;
    ∎ to send a radio away to be repaired expédier une radio chez le réparateur
    (b) (dismiss → person) renvoyer, faire partir;
    ∎ the children were sent away to school les enfants furent mis en pension
    ∎ to send away for sth (by post) se faire envoyer qch; (by catalogue) commander qch;
    ∎ send away for your free copy now demandez maintenant votre exemplaire gratuit
    (return → books, goods, food in restaurant) renvoyer;
    ∎ send the chocolates back to the shop renvoyez les chocolats au magasin;
    ∎ we sent her back to fetch a coat or for a coat nous l'avons renvoyée prendre un manteau
    (a) (person, lift) faire descendre, envoyer en bas;
    ∎ they sent me down to the cellar ils m'ont fait descendre à la cave;
    ∎ she was sent down to ask if they wanted coffee on l'a envoyée en bas pour demander s'ils voulaient du café
    (b) (cause to fall → prices, temperature) faire baisser, provoquer la baisse de
    (c) British University (student) expulser, renvoyer
    ∎ he was sent down for twenty years il a écopé de vingt ans (de prison), il en a pris pour vingt ans
    (a) (doctor, taxi) faire venir, appeler; (mother, luggage) faire venir; (police) appeler; (help) envoyer chercher;
    ∎ we sent for another bottle (in hotel, restaurant) on a demandé une autre bouteille;
    ∎ we sent for a couple of pizzas (home delivery) nous nous sommes fait livrer deux pizzas
    (b) (by post) se faire envoyer; (by catalogue) commander; (catalogue, price list) demander
    (a) (army, messenger) envoyer
    (b) (produce → leaves) produire; (→ light) produire, émettre; (→ smell) répandre; (→ cry) pousser
    ∎ the Senate has sent forth the bill to the president le Sénat a transmis le projet de loi au président
    (a) (visitor) faire entrer; (troops, police) envoyer
    (b) (submit → bill, report, form) envoyer; (→ suggestions, resignation) envoyer, soumettre;
    ∎ why don't you send your name in for the competition? pourquoi ne pas vous inscrire au concours?;
    ∎ to send in a request faire une demande;
    ∎ please send in a written application veuillez envoyer une demande écrite; (for job) veuillez poser votre candidature par écrit
    (a) (by post) expédier, mettre à la poste
    (b) (person) envoyer;
    ∎ I sent him off home/upstairs je l'ai envoyé chez lui/en haut;
    ∎ they sent us off to bed/to get washed ils nous ont envoyés nous coucher/nous laver;
    ∎ they are sent off to school every morning on les envoie à l'école tous les matins
    (c) Sport expulser
    (d) also figurative to send sb off (to sleep) endormir qn
    ∎ to send off for sth (by post) se faire envoyer qch; (by catalogue) commander qch
    (a) (mail) faire suivre; (luggage) expédier;
    ∎ to send a message on to sb faire suivre un message à qn;
    ∎ my luggage was sent on to New York (in advance) on a expédié mes bagages à New York; (by mistake) mes bagages ont été expédiés à New York par erreur;
    ∎ if you've forgotten anything, we'll send it on si vous avez oublié quelque chose, nous vous le renverrons
    ∎ they sent us on ahead or in front ils nous ont envoyés en éclaireurs;
    ∎ we sent them on to find a hotel nous les avons envoyés en éclaireurs pour trouver un hôtel;
    ∎ they sent me on to Dundee (further) ils m'ont envoyé jusqu'à Dundee
    (c) Sport (player) faire entrer (sur le terrain)
    (a) (by post → invitations) expédier, poster
    (b) (messengers, search party) envoyer, dépêcher; (patrol) envoyer; (outside) envoyer dehors;
    ∎ we sent her out for coffee nous l'avons envoyée chercher du café;
    ∎ they sent me out to Burma ils m'ont envoyé en Birmanie;
    ∎ they sent out a car for us ils ont envoyé une voiture nous chercher;
    ∎ we sent them all out into the garden on les a tous envoyés dans le jardin;
    ∎ send the children out to play envoyez les enfants jouer dehors
    (c) (transmit → message, signal) envoyer;
    ∎ a call was sent out for Dr Bramley on a fait appeler le Dr Bramley
    (d) (produce, give out → leaves) produire; (→ light, heat) émettre, répandre, diffuser; (→ fumes, smoke) répandre;
    ∎ the chimney/engine sent out billows of smoke la cheminée/le moteur crachait des tourbillons de fumée
    ∎ to send out for coffee/sandwiches envoyer quelqu'un chercher du café/des sandwiches
    (a) (circulate → petition) faire circuler;
    ∎ figurative to send the hat round faire la quête
    (b) (dispatch → messenger, repairman) envoyer; (→ message) faire parvenir;
    ∎ they sent a car round ils ont envoyé une voiture;
    ∎ her mother sent her round to our house for some sugar sa mère l'a envoyée chez nous demander du sucre
    (a) (messenger, luggage, drinks) faire monter; (rocket, flare) lancer; (plane) faire décoller; (smoke) répandre
    (b) (raise → price, pressure, temperature) faire monter
    (c) British familiar (ridicule) mettre en boîte, se moquer de□ ; (parody) parodier□

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > send

  • 2 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

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